Clock the taper inside an ER collet chuck with no collet installed to see the runout of just the toolholder rather than the toolholder + collet combination. Clock a precision dowel in the toolholder to see the toolholder’s runout.ģ. Clock the inside of the spindle taper to see the spindle’s runout.Ģ. The measurement shown will get you runout from all sources, but it’s important to understand that you may want to measure the individual component sources of spindle-tool runout to find the underlying causes.ġ. Photo and description of measurement courtesy of Given a dial test indicator and a magnetic holder, it’s not hard to measure spindle runout for a tool in the spindle: Total Runout: Which measures runout along an entire cylinder.įor the working machinist, it is perhaps more important to define run out as simply a measurement of the spindle runout of a tool (or workpiece) installed in the CNC Machine’s spindle directly.Circular Runout: Which measures runout only at certain specified circular cross-sections.Runout is so important to the design of rotating machinery that GD&T even has two kinds of runout: GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) is the science of defining and tolerancing allowable errors in manufacturing. We can create a run out definition very precisely using GD&T for specific situations. In other words, if you have a toolholder with 0.003″ of runout (that’s terrible, by the way!), and your endmill is only rated for 0.004″ of chip load, then you can only program a cut with 0.001″ of chip load (0.004 – 0.003) or you’ll exceed the cutter’s chip load limits.Īside from such catastrophic failures, runout is bad for tool wear in general. It’s a particular source of tool breakage for smaller cutters because runout is additive to chip load. It makes the tool wobble instead of spinning cleanly and increases chip loads. Runout is the tendency to spin the tool around a centerpoint that is not the tool’s center. It’s very bad for tool life, so it’s good to know more about it. Spindle Runout, or Tool Runout, as it can also be called, is the inaccuracies that cause a tool (in a mill) or workpiece (in a lathe) to spin off the ideal axis.
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![]() ![]() ![]() Towne was introduced to Riley, a man who already had made transitions from player to assistant coach to broadcaster to head coach, all roles he played for Hollywood’s favorite team. Robert Towne, the man we have to thank for the screenplay to “Chinatown” and the women’s-track story, “Personal Best,” went to the Forum a few years ago as a guest of Laker boss Jerry Buss. I did this as soon as I discovered that the part of the cop was written for-and offered to-mister slicked-back himself, Laker Coach Pat Riley. My women friends went to check out Mel, and most of my men friends preferred Michelle. Recently I went to see this movie, mostly to watch Russell. County police lieutenant decked out in custom-made suits, white-on-white shirts, small-knotted neckties and a haircut that is slicked straight back with some sort of Brylcreem or Vitalis or Dippity Do. Michelle Pfeiffer co-stars as a restaurant owner who eventually waits on a couple of her customers hand and foot, and all else in between.Ī third party in this love triangle is Kurt Russell, who plays an L.A. There are even moments when the chronology itself seems confused, when characters seem to know things they could not be aware of, when other characters arrive at places they should not have known about.Mel Gibson appears in the new motion picture, “Tequila Sunrise,” as a drug dealer who may or may not have reformed. “Tequila Sunrise” weaves a tangled web, and there are times when we are not sure what is happening, or why. Which one will she choose? The lawman who seems to deceive her? Or the outlaw who plays straight? As we descend into the somewhat murky depths of Towne’s screenplay, these and other questions confound us. ![]() The most intriguing triangle in the movie involves, not the drug people, but this three-way romantic tug of war. Will McKussic try to score one more deal? The personal and professional tension between the two old pals is complicated because they are both in love with the same woman - Jo Ann Vallenari ( Michelle Pfeiffer), who runs the Italian restaurant they hang out in. Walsh) that a big drug shipment is coming to town, personally escorted by the Mexican drug kingpin Escalante ( Raul Julia).Įscalante and McKussic have been close friends for years. Frescia learns from a federal agent (J.T. This is Nick Frescia ( Kurt Russell), head of the sheriff’s drug detail and an old high-school running-mate of McKussic. His best pal and worst enemy doesn’t think so. The central question in the movie, however, is whether he’s really left his past behind. He’s not cruel, he’s not mean, he’s not strung out on drugs, and when he falls in love with a girl he’s too shy to tell her. McKussic seems to have survived a long career as a narcotics distributor without doing any permanent psychic harm to himself. Only in Southern California would you lose custody because you’d stopped selling drugs.īut no matter. Why will he lose custody? Because he’s a drug dealer? No, because he isn’t a drug dealer - he has retired, and his wife is mad at him because the money is no longer rolling in. He lives on the beach with a young son that he adores, and the greatest fear in his life is that he’ll lose custody to his ex-wife. The movie stars Mel Gibson as Dale McKussic, the nicest drug dealer you’d ever want to know. Now here is “Tequila Sunrise,” written and directed by Towne, and containing so many devious plot developments that at times we miss what’s on the screen because we’re still trying to figure out what the previous scene was revealing. His most famous credit is the screenplay for “ Chinatown,” a film so labyrinthine that it is difficult to explain precisely what happened in it, even after you’ve just seen it. ![]() KyPass is also the most complete iOS version with a lot of feature not available in our competitors. On Windows, don't open the database directly from the cloud provider location. If you're using any of them, then K2A will keep its end synced by itself. KyPass is powerful enough the replace your desktop application! Keepass2Android has native integration for some cloud providers. It does ensure that no data is lost however. This makes sure that your local database is up to date when it is opened but does not ensure that remote changes are replicted to your database intil it is next opened or saved. All entry informations (including last changed date and expiry) The recommended triggers perfiorm a sync on open as well as save.Touch-ID Security or Pin Code: Database password can be saved to the iOS Keyring so you don't have to type long passwords.Webdav local browser to import directly into KyPass without need for a cloud.Master password no longer working Works fine from KeePass accessing my kdbx file on Google Drive. It functions very well and also allows for you to use autofill unlike many other apps. KDBX4 Support (Introduced with Keepass 2.35 see ) One of the best apps for KeePass This is hands down one of the best apps to use with your KeePass database.Password Generator with Advanced features like prevent look alike characters.Safari Integration (and some common 3rd Party like iCab etc.). ![]()
Other enemies might be strong, but slow enough that you should ignore Parry and just dodge. For example Rot Fiends in the first chapter aren't very defensive and can be clobbered with a barrage of attacks. Bosses and other scripted fights more likely to change the rules. These are the basics, but things can change based on the enemy. It's not necessarily bad, but the other four magic signs have more tactical value in many situations. Last is Igni, a fire spell that does raw damage. This is among the first spells you should get to level three first, as its knock down effect is great for bosses. More offensive magic includes Aard, which pushes the enemy back. This not only removes a threat, but adds to damage output and a good decoy. ![]() Axii is both an offensive and defensive spell: it takes control of one enemy and allows them to fight on your side for a short time. Yrden is a trap spell that can lock enemies in place its power comes into play with most bosses and is worth investing in later. The magic sign Quen creates a shield that resists damage and shocks the enemy. Otherwise you run the risk of being swarmed. In early stages you might find it is more tactical to run and face each enemy at a time. The safest bet is to use a three hit combo before going back into a protective mode. A successful Parry will reduce damage and may stun the enemy. Parry attacks and counter when you have enough Vigor, and dodge when your Vigor meter is depleted and recharging. You can drink three potions at first, and four after focusing in Alchemy.ĭuring combat you will want to fight defensively. Keep in mind though that each potion raises toxicity, which can be deadly at high levels. However, other tonics such as Mongoose and Cat are needed for special situations. Rook to boost damage (Damage +10%, Duration 10, Toxicity 26) and Swallow for health regeneration (Vitality Regeneration during Combat +1, Vitality Regeneration +1, Duration 10, Toxicity 25) should be your main drinks of choice. ![]() You'll always want to be prepared before a fight by meditating and gulping several potions. The odds are stacked against you, and you'll be fighting multiple enemies at a time. You can also unlock new skills in various trees, such as using throwing weapons. ![]() Your special Witcher silver sword, magic signs, and alchemic potions are main the tools for the adventure. However, there are still key means of strategy in order to survive. You no longer have to worry about various stances. By clicking 'enter', you agree to GameSpot'sĬombat in the Witcher 2 is completely different than the first game. ![]() The risk of coronary artery disease in diabetesĭiabetes is associated with at least 2-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease and for many years has been regarded as ‘coronary risk equivalent’ ( 4). Thus, it is frequently not possible to decipher the contribution of ischaemic and non-ischaemic factors to the development of diabetic heart failure. Patients with diabetes, however, often present with accelerated atherosclerosis, which may lead to the development of ischaemic heart disease and subsequently heart failure reduced ejection fraction. It remains debatable if cardiac imaging could be also used to screen asymptomatic patients with diabetes for the presence for early signs of heart disease. ![]() Multi-modality imaging is particularly useful in monitoring disease progression and evaluating the effectiveness of medical interventions. The aetiology of so-called diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unknown but is likely multifactorial and therefore more difficult to characterise by a single modality. In type 1 diabetes as compared to type 2 diabetes, the cardiovascular mortality remains similar, however, the impact of hyperglycaemia on the risk of development of heart disease is more pronounced in type 1 diabetes ( 3). ![]() Numerous studies have explored pathophysiological mechanisms underlying changes in the cardiac structure and resulting function leading to the development of heart failure because of diabetes. This has given rise to the worldwide epidemic of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a condition covering the spectrum of myocardial abnormalities linked to the underlying metabolic disturbances observed in patients with diabetes in the absence of coronary artery disease. Global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing rapidly over the last decade. In this review, we describe the roles of multimodality cardiac imaging in detecting the impact of diabetes on the myocardium and its use for longitudinal follow up. Early detection of the effect of diabetes on the cardiovascular system could improve preventive measures and initiation of treatments with proven cardiovascular benefit. On average, a 50-year-old with diabetes but no history of vascular disease dies approximately 6 years younger than a counterpart without diabetes ( 2). Diabetes is associated with a significant shortening of life. Patients with diabetes are 2–3 times more likely to have heart disease and 84% of people over 65 with diabetes die from heart disease and stroke. World Health Organisation estimates that there are 422 million people living with diabetes mellitus worldwide and 1.5 million deaths are attributed to diabetes annually ( 1). Finally, we discuss recent data regarding the use of artificial intelligence applied to large imaging databases and how those efforts can be utilised in the future in screening of patients with diabetes for early signs of disease. Furthermore, we discuss the role of MRI-derived techniques in studying altered myocardial metabolism linking diabetes with the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also describe emerging imaging techniques enabling early detection of coronary artery inflammation and the non-invasive characterisation of the atherosclerotic plaque disease. In this review we summarise the utility of multi-modality cardiac imaging in characterising ischaemic and non-ischaemic causes of diabetic heart disease and give an overview of the current clinical practice. Multimodality cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and cardiac magnetic resonance play crucial role in the diagnosis and management of different pathologies included in the definition of diabetic heart disease. Premature coronary artery disease and heart failure are leading causes of morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Patients with diabetes show an excess of death from cardiovascular causes, twice as high as the general population and those with diabetes type 1 and longer duration of the disease present with more severe cardiovascular complications.
![]() It’s important to help folks find the titles they want on the right services, especially given the UK had it rough for a long time until last year. So what is the purpose of this round-up you may ask? Simple, to let folks know what titles are now available to stream legally and what titles are no longer streaming. Sure the latter Symphogear seasons partially G, AXZ and XV may have better animation, but I feel like Bodacious Space Pirates has the atmosphere edgy compared to the action-heavy Symphogear.We are now approaching the Autumn 2017 season but there have been a couple changes throughout the past month, so here’s a quick round-up detailing the newest additions & expired titles! I would even argue that Bodacious Space Pirates might as well be the best-looking show that studio Satelight has ever done, Barely beating the already visually stunning Muv Luv Alternative Total Eclipse and that show was beautiful. The animation ranges from solid to excellent with rare animation hiccups. ![]() Spaceships in partially are well designed partially the Bentamaru itself, many of them fitting the characters that board on their respective ships, Also the CGI is nicely done, It didn’t look janky nor visually out of place. The character’s designs are colourful, distinctive and live to the eyes, the background scenery are spectacular, filled with details especially the space backgrounds. The visuals done by Studio Statelight is phenomenal. From the shocking talented girls from Marika’s Yacht Club to the intriguingly seasoned adult members of the Bentenmaru crew, Bodacious Space Pirates presents a well throughout characters. The rest of the characters also fair nicely well. She also gets some solid development where she slows opens up to people thanks to Marika’s influence. The same cannot be said for the movie though aka Bodacious Space Pirates the Movie: Abyss of Hyperspace. It knows of it wanted to be from the very start, it’s well executed and it wasn’t boring in the slightest, I feel part of the world of Bodacious Space Pirates as it’s immersive to the eye and seeing her adapt to pirating life is equally as fun as the stories that the show presented. Of course, Bodacious Space Pirates have its fair share of slice-of-life elements where Marika attends her normal school life with her Yacht Club friends, but they either serve as downtime to allow Marika to relax from her pirating life or build up to the next space adventure that she will travel next.Īll of this ties up to the excellent and rather impressive writing and pacing of the shoe. We learned a lot of things about the space world of the show from pirate culture, space royalty, natural pirating performances to treasuring. The world of Bodacious Space Pirates sets up is intriguing to the eye as despite looking like a typical action moe blob show in the likes of Strike Witches and Girls Und Panzer, it has strong attention to detail that makes exploring the mystery of the space universe a lot more engaging. Three: It establishes the strong character dynamic of our main two leads that will grow stronger as the story develops. Two: It sets up exciting themes and topics that will play a significant role in the story, One: It ensures that Marika and the viewers will be entering an entirely different world of space pirates. I love this story setup for numerous reasons, but I’m only going to mention a few. At first, she relicenses, but after an encounter with a mysterious transfer studio now pirate daughter who helps her escapes from unwanted attention, she accepts her position as the lead captain of the Bentenmaru, although now she learns to live a double life as both a space pirate and an ordinary school student. Marika wants to have an original teenage life, a school as well as retain her job at a high-class maid cafe, however, when Marika learns about her deceased as well as other secrets being spread, her established ordinary gets turned upside down where she has to come into terms that she inherited the ship and must be the captain of the Bentenmaru to keep the family pirate legacy in check. ![]() During our protein blast analysis of NS4A gene (HCV genotype 3a) isolated from Pakistani population, we observed a relatively conserved nature of NS4A protein. Suzuki and Nei used amino acid sequences of hemagglutinin genes instead of nucleotide sequences in their work on origin and evolution of influenza virus and they reported that amino acid sequences provide more reliable information in establishing evolutionary relationship than nucleotide sequences when the sequence divergence is high. ![]() Though HCV classification system has evolved considerably, it does not provide convincing information about origin of the virus. ![]() In terms of genetic variability, genotypes differ from each other by 31 to 33% and subtype by 20 to 25%. Based on nucleotide sequence comparison analysis in 5'UTR, Core/E1 and NS5B regions six major HCV genotypes (HCV-1 to HCV-6) have been described, each containing multiple subtypes (e.g., 1a, 1b, 1c etc). The error-prone nature of this enzyme is responsible for a high mutation rate in HCV. Nonstructural 5B (NS5B) protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is responsible for viral genome replication. Within host cell the polyprotein is processed into structural (Core, E1, E2 and P7) and nonstructural proteins (NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B). HCV has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome of about 9.6 kb that has one single open reading frame and conserved un-translated regions (UTRs) at the 5' and 3' ends. Hepatitis C virus belongs to Flaviviridae family of viruses and its chronic infection has affected 350 million people worldwide. These results were further confirmed through phylogenetic analysis by constructing phylogenetic tree using NS4A protein as a phylogenetic marker. These observations indicate that NS4A protein of different HCV genotypes originally evolved from NS4A protein of genotype 1 subtype 1b, which in turn indicate that HCV genotype 1 subtype 1b established itself earlier in human population and all other known genotypes evolved later as a result of mutations in HCV genotype 1b. So the different amino acids that were introduced as substitutions in NS4A protein of genotype 1 subtype 1b have been retained as consistent members of the NS4A protein of other known genotypes. Similarly Q 46 and Q 47 in genotype 5, V 29, V 30, Q 46 and Q 47 in genotype 4, C 22, Q 46 and Q 47 in genotype 6, C 22, V 38, Q 46 and Q 47 in genotype 3 and C 22 in genotype 2 as more consistent members of NS4A protein of these genotypes. Furthermore, we observed C 22 and V 30 as more consistent members of NS4A protein of genotype 1a. We investigated 346 sequences and compared amino acid composition of NS4A protein of different HCV genotypes through Multiple Sequence Alignment and observed amino acid substitutions C 22, V 29, V 30, V 38, Q 46 and Q 47 in NS4A protein of genotype 1b. We have identified a conserved NS4A protein sequence for HCV genotype 3a reported from four different continents of the world i.e. HCV genome codes for a single polyprotein of about 3011 amino acids which is processed into structural and non-structural proteins inside host cell by viral and cellular proteases. However this classification system does not provide significant information about the origin of the virus, primarily due to high mutation rate at nucleotide level. Based on genetic variability, HCV has been classified into 6 different major genotypes and 11 different subtypes. A high rate of mutation has been found to be associated with RNA viruses like HCV. The 9.6 kb long RNA genome of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is under the control of RNA dependent RNA polymerase, an error-prone enzyme, for its transcription and replication. home/$USER/android-sdk/tools/bin/avdmanager -verbose create avd -force -name "AVD_0001" -device "pixel" -package "system-images android-28 google_apis x86" -tag "google_apis" -abi "x86" -p "/home/$USER/android-sdk/avd/AVD_0001"Įach emulators need two different ports. we can create multiple emulators by changing names like AVD_0002,AVD_0003. ![]() home/$USER/android-sdk/tools/bin/sdkmanager "build-tools 28.0.3"Ĭreating AVD_0001. home/$USER/android-sdk/tools/bin/sdkmanager "platform-tools" home/$USER/android-sdk/tools/bin/sdkmanager "emulator" home/$USER/android-sdk/tools/bin/sdkmanager "system-images android-28 google_apis x86" home/$USER/android-sdk/tools/bin/sdkmanager -licenses home/$USER/android-sdk/tools/bin/sdkmanager -update Make sure all the above paths are present. Re-login is required after setting the path Unzip sdk-tools-linux-4333796.zip -d android-sdkĭefine ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/home/$USER/android-sdk in /etc/environment.Īdd ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/tools and ANDROID_SDK_ROOT/platform-tools to system path. ![]() Setting-up emulators (Ubuntu 18.04) sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk I am already able change timezone of emulators. There is a provision to change these properties in official Android Developer website.You take help from this link Originally for Windows only, Nestopia has been ported to the Mac OS X and Linux operating systems by Richard Bannister and R. So that the emulator properties looks like a physical device's properties Nestopia is an open-source NES/Famicom emulator designed to emulate the NES hardware as accurately as possible, and is considered the most advanced NES emulator. I to change some properties such as Manufacture,Device name,Product Model, Build Serial Number, IMEI number ![]() How can we change emulator properties (like Manufacturer, Device name, Product Model, Build Serial Number, IMEI etc) so that different emulators will run with different properties at the same time. We are running multiple Android Emulators in parallel. ![]() For example, Miracle Tou have both a normal card and a premium card. UPDATE: You can pick up characters like Lei from chests later, so they aren't exclusive, just plot-locked.įinally, many characters have both a normal version and one (or more) premium versions. The other premium cards are NOT exclusive. There might be other, non-exclusive premium cards in the chest as well, but usually only one is exclusive. These exclusive cards are typically found in the chest at the end of the route, in the chest after the boss fight. For example, most (but not all) of the Demon faction character cards can only be gotten by defeating (but not killing) the Demon boss character. There are also some exclusive cards that you can't get from random chests. Normal chests might have one or more premium cards (about 1:10) while better chests have more premiums or guaranteed premiums. Obviously you want to pick up premium cards instead of common cards. Also they have a glossy effect, while common cards do not. When you open up a chest, premium and exclusive cards will be revealed last. ![]() There are common cards, premium cards, and exclusive cards. Not sure how to organize this thread, so I will start with some general tips.ġ. I'm going to avoid story spoilers although there might be some accidental spoilers. So in this thread I'm going to post some general and advanced gameplay info, especially for those who don't know how to read moonrune. 100 times more difficult than Sengoku Rance? 10,000 times more difficult than Rance VI?Īnyway, the game is plain awesome and I recommend playing it immediately even with machine translation and not wait for an English translation. This game is a hardcore rpg in every possible sense. Monster Hunter S.H.So it's been five days since Rance X was released.Toy Story 4 Cosbaby 607 Bunny and Ducky Review.Rance IX Revolution of Helman Masou Shizuka Route.Honkai Impact 3rd 1/8 Herrscher of Void Kiana. ![]() Fate/Extra Last Encore Taito Non Scale Nursery Rhy.Fate/Grand Order Phat 1/7 Foreigner Katsushika Hok.But spending some time adventuring together, Senhime get to appreciate Rance's charm and genuinely fall for him. Rance relationship Senhime may have a rocky start as the Battle Princess first impression with the brutal warrior starts rather badly as Rance had his way with her body during their first encounter. Exhausted and leaning on each other, Senhime remarks that it doesn't feel too bad to have a man that she can rely upon and declared that she loves Rance. Rance expressed concern with Senhime's condition once again and in a fit of rage chases Minerva to final duel and defeated the Helman 3rd Army general for good. During one of the skirmish in the final assault, Senhime managed to fight Minerva on equal ground but in the end loses as she instinctively tried to protect her belly out of concern for the safety of her unborn baby. In Senhime's scenario, For some reason Minerva Margaret spared General Kechak and Empress Pamela from her murder spree but Kechak still died pathetically at Rance's hands and the Empress herself became 3rd Army plaything. Senhime turns out to be one of the weaker 7 main heroines in Rance IX. Senhime's H-scenes are used on S&M theme which is such a waste for someone with refined body like her. ![]() Probably because the main writer of Sengoku Rance had left the company, Alicesoft either clueless or don't bother to work on Senhime's character and her romantic development with Rance is rather lackluster for a fated girl. Unfortunately I think Alicesoft really wasted Senhime's potential in Rance IX. Obviously Rance took advantage of it and claim that Senhime need to be exorcised from Evil Spirit and have her way with her body. In the main story, Senhime's plot revolves around some members of Outlaws worried about Senhime's unhealthy obsession with battle and tried to find the cause and cure it. Because as someone who personally had seen the Legendary Hero in action, even Senhime had faith that Rance could win the civil war.Ī Stoic and Consummate Warrior, Senhime prove to be a valuable ally for Outlaws but her contrasting love for fierce battles and capability to perfectly act like a proper Noble lady baffles her companions in particular Tillday. It was at this time Rance met Senhime and tried to recruit her to join his Outlaws which took some effort as Rance need to convince Senhime that he is on the losing side. But ultimately it was Senhime who put an end to Helman 4th Army General as she kills Nero when the general in his hysteric fit attempted to drag non combatants in his ritual suicide by burning his headquarter. In Rance IX Senhime initially serve as Bodyguard for Helman 4th Army General, Nero Chapet and acted as rearguard when Nero retreat during Rance's first attempt to slay the most incompetent general of Helman. ![]() One of those slabs holds fossilized hatchling leatherback sea turtle tracks. Site 2 is positioned close to site 1 in a narrow cliff pass filled with fallen rock slabs and boulders. Results: After the fossil traces had been properly examined, it was concluded that the sets of tracks found in site 1, on a large slab of rock that had fallen off the side of a cliff, were those from hatchling loggerhead sea turtles. The boulder was photographed and taken to be preserved and studied at a separate location. Site 3 fossils were found on a portable boulder. Tracing diagrams were then drawn to illustrate detailed trackway patterns of the two hatchling species. Methods: This study used two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) photographed images of the trackways in track sites 1 and 2, not far from each other, showing the sea turtle hatchling trails that were preserved in the large slab of rock. The shorter arrow shows an uncertain trace, but this may signify the remains of a nest in the center where the circle is. (C) Site 3, the long arrows show two sets of loggerhead trackways, Australochelichnus agulhasii, from different hatchlings. (B) Site 2, a leatherback turtle hatchling curved trackway, Marinerichnus latus, with red marks to show the lengths of the inner and outer sidelines. The 2 track ways on the right show overlap. African sites with never before recorded sea turtle hatchling fossil traces (A) Site 1, 3 loggerhead hatchling track marks, Australochelichnus agulhasii. Some track marks showed multiple “footprints” coming out of a centralized area that could possibly represent the ancient nesting location. Two species of sea turtles were ultimately identified from their trace fossils at the sites as loggerhead ( Caretta caretta ) and leatherback ( Dermochelyis coriacea ) sea turtles. What data were used? Three coastal sites, showing never before seen fossilized sea turtle hatchling track marks were discovered on the south coast of South Africa originating from the late Pleistocene (~100,000 years ago). When she’s not studying geology, she enjoys walking in nature and listening to music. She is currently a senior and plans to pursue some experience in the field before continuing to further her education with a graduate program majoring in sedimentary geology. ![]() Summarized by Sophia Gutierrez, who is majoring in geology at the University of South Florida. New fossil sea turtle trackway morphotypes from the Pleistocene of South Africa highlight role of ichnology in turtle paleobiology |
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